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    岁月峥嵘，初心不改。中国共产党立志于中华民族千秋伟业，百年恰是风华正茂，在中国乃至世界的政治舞台上，谱写了一部部辉煌壮丽的历史诗篇。

百年风雨兼程，世纪沧桑巨变。为庆祝中国共产党成立100周年、向党的百年华诞献礼，翻译系学生党支部开展“言说党史”系列活动，旨在鞭策身为中华儿女的我们，不忘初心、牢记使命。在不断的学习和实践中，树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，一心一意跟着党走，为祖国贡献出自己的全部力量。

第二期是由翻译系学生党员范程慧为大家朗读的《共产党宣言》第一章节内容，有关资产者和无产者的论述部分。

I--BOURGEOIS AND PROLETARIANS

一、资产者和无产者

The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

到目前为止的一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。

Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.        

自由民和奴隶、贵族和平民、领主和农奴、行会师傅和帮工,一句话,压迫者和被压迫者,始终处于相互对立的地位,进行不断的、有时隐蔽有时公开的斗争,而每一次斗争的结局都是整个社会受到革命改造或者斗争的各阶级同归于尽。

In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen.apprentices, serfs: in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.

在过去的各个历史时代,我们儿乎到处都可以看到社会完全划分为各个不同的等级,看到社会地位分成多种多样的层次。在古罗马,有贵族、骑士、平民、奴隶,在中世纪,有封建主、臣仆、行会师傅、帮工、农奴,而且几乎在每一个阶级内部又有一些特殊的阶层。

The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.

从封建社会的灭亡中产生出来的现代资产阶级社会并没有消灭阶级对立。它只是用新的阶级、新的压迫条件、新的斗争形式代替了旧的。

Our epoch, the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinct feature: it has simplified class antagonisms. Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other -- bourgeoisie and proletariat.

但是,我们的时代,资产阶级时代,却有一个特点:它使阶级对立简单化了。整个社会日益分裂为两大敌对的阵营,分裂为两大相互直接对立的阶级:资产阶级和无产阶级。

From the serfs of the Middle Ages sprang the chartered burghers of the earliest towns. From these burgesses the first elements of the bourgeoisie were developed.

从中世纪的农奴中产生了初期城市的城关市民;从这个市民等级中发展出最初的资产阶级分子。

The discovery of America, the rounding of the Cape, opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie. The East-Indian and Chinese markets, the colonization of America, trade with the colonies, the increase in the means of exchange and in commodities generally, gave to commerce to navigation, to industry, an impulse never before known, and thereby, to the revolutionary element in the tottering feudal society, a rapid development.

美洲的发现、绕过非洲的航行,给新兴的资产阶级开辟了新的活动场所。东印度和中国的市场、美洲的殖民化,对殖民地的贸易、交换手段和一般商品的增加,使商业、航海业和工业空前高涨,因而使正在崩溃的封建社会内部的革命因素迅速发展。

The feudal system of industry, in which industrial production was monopolized by closed guilds now no longer suffices for the growing wants of the new markets. The manufacturing system took its place. The guild-masters were pushed aside by the manufacturing middle class: division of labor between the different corporate guilds vanished in the face of division of labor in each single workshop.

以前那种封建的或行会的工业经营方式已经不能满足随着新市场的出现而增加的需求了。工场手工业代替了这种经营方式。行会师傅被工业的中间等级排挤掉了;各种行业组织之间的分工随着各个作坊内部的分工的出现而消失了。

Meantime, the markets kept ever growing, the demand ever rising. Even manufacturers no longer sufficed. Thereupon, steam and machinery revolutionized industrial production. The place of manufacture was taken by the giant, MODERN INDUS TRY: the place of the industrial middle class by industrial millionaires, the leaders of the whole industrial armies, the modern bourgeois.

但是,市场总是在扩大,需求总是在增加。甚至工场手工业也不再能满足需要了。于是,蒸汽和机器引起了工业生产的革命。现代大工业化替了工场手工业;工业中的百万富翁、一支一支产业大军的首领、现代资产者,代替了工业的中间等级。

Modern industry has established the world market. for which the discovery of America paved the way. This market has given an immense development to commerce, to navigation, to communication by land. This development has, in turn, reacted on the extension of industry: and in proportion as industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, in the same proportion the bourgeoisie developed, increased its capital, and pushed into the background every class handed down from the Middle Ages.

大工业建立了由美洲的发现所准备好的世界市场。世界市场使商业、航海业和陆路交通得到了巨大的发展。这种发展又反过来促进了工业的扩展,同时,随着工业、商业、航海业和铁路的扩展,资产阶级也在同一程度上发展起来,增加自己的资本,把中世纪遗留下来的一切阶级排挤到后面去。

We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions in the modes of production and of exchange.

由此可见,现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物,是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。

Each step in the development of the bourgeoisie was accompanied by a corresponding political advance in that class. An oppressed class under the sway of the feudal nobility, an armed and self-governing association of medieval commune : here independent urban republic (as in Italy and Germany); there taxable "third estate" of the monarchy (as in France); afterward, in the period of manufacturing proper, serving either the semi-feudal or the absolute monarchy as a counterpoise against the nobility, and, in fact, cornerstone of the great monarchies in general the bourgeoisie has at last, since the establishment of Modern Industry and of the world market, conquered for itself.in the modern representative state, exclusive political sway. The executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the common affairs of the whole bourgeoisie.  

资产阶级的这种发展的每一个阶段,都伴随着相应的政治上的进展。它在封建领主统治下是被压迫的等级,在公社里是武装的和自治的团体,在一些地方组成独立的城市共和国,在另一些地方组成君主国中的纳税的第三等级;后来,在工场手工业时期,它是等级君主国或专制君主国中同贵族抗衡的势力,而且是大君主国的主要基础;最后,从大工业和世界市场建立的时候起,它在现代的代议制国家里夺得了独占的政治统治。现代的国家政权不过是管理整个资产阶级的共同事务的委员会罢了。

The bourgeoisie, historically, has played a most revolutionary part.

资产阶级在历史上曾经起过非常革命的作用。

作者：范程慧