学院新闻

    岁月峥嵘，初心不改。中国共产党立志于中华民族千秋伟业，百年恰是风华正茂，在中国乃至世界的政治舞台上，谱写了一部部辉煌壮丽的历史诗篇。

百年风雨兼程，世纪沧桑巨变。为庆祝中国共产党成立100周年、向党的百年华诞献礼，翻译系学生党支部开展“言说党史”系列活动，旨在鞭策身为中华儿女的我们，不忘初心、牢记使命。在不断的学习和实践中，树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，一心一意跟着党走，为祖国贡献出自己的全部力量。

 

第七期是由翻译系学生党员沈斌艳为大家朗读的《共产党宣言》第一章节内容，有关无产者和共产党人的论述部分。

II--PROLETARIANS AND COMMUNISTS

二、资产者和无产者

In what relation do the Communists stand to the proletarians as a whole?

共产党人同全体无产者的关系是怎样的呢？

The Communists do not form a separate party opposed to other working-class parties.

共产党人不是同其他工人政党相对立的特殊政党。

They have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole.

他们没有任何同整个无产阶级的利益不同的利益。

They do not set up any sectarian principles of their own, by which to shape and mould the proletarian movement.

他们不提出任何特殊的原则,用以塑造无产阶级的运动。

The Communists are distinguished from the other working-class parties by this only:1. In the national struggles of the proletarians of the different countries, they point out and bring to the front the common interests of the entire proletariat, independently of all nationality. 2. In the various stages of development which the struggle of the working class against the bourgeoisie has to pass through, they always and everywhere represent the interests of the movement as a whole.

共产党人同其他无产阶级政党不同的地方只是:一方面，在无产者不同的民族的斗争中，共产党人强调和坚持整个无产阶级共 同的不分民族的利益;另一方面，在无产阶级和资产阶级的斗争所 经历的各个发展阶段上，共产党人始终代表整个运动的利益。

The Communists, therefore, are on the one hand, practically, the most advanced and resolute section of the working-class parties of every country, that section which pushes forward all others; on the other hand, theoretically, they have over the great mass of the proletariat the advantage of clearly understanding the line of march, the conditions, and the ultimate general results of the proletarian movement.

因此,在实践方面，共产党人是各国工人政党中最坚决的、始终起推动作用的部分;在理论方面，他们胜过其余无产阶级群众的地方在于他们了解无产阶级运动的条件、进程和一般结果。

The immediate aim of the Communist is the same as that of all the other proletarian parties: formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat.

共产党人的最近目的是和其他一切无产阶级政党的最近目的一样的:使无产阶级形成为阶级，推翻资产阶级的统治,由无产阶级夺取政权。

The theoretical conclusions of the Communists are in no way based on ideas or principles that have been invented, or discovered, by this or that would-be universal reformer.

共产党人的理论原理，决不是以这个或那个世界改革家所发明或发现的思想、原则为根据的。

They merely express, in general terms, actual relations springing from an existing class struggle, from a historical movement going on under our very eyes. The abolition of existing property relations is not at all a distinctive feature of Communism.

这些原理不过是现存的阶级斗争、我们眼前的历史运动的真实关系的一般表述。废除先前存在的所有制关系,并不是共产主义所独具的特征。

All property relations in the past have continually been subject to historical change consequent upon the change in historical conditions.

一切所有制关系都经历了经常的历史更替、经常的历史变更。

The French Revolution, for example, abolished feudal property in favor of bourgeois property.

例如,法国革命废除了封建的所有制，代之以资产阶级的所有制。

The distinguishing feature of Communism is not the abolition of property generally, but the abolition of bourgeois property. But modern bourgeois private property is the final and most complete expression of the system of producing and appropriating products, that is based on class antagonisms, on the exploitation of the many by the few.

共产主义的特征并不是要废除一般的所有制，而是要废除资产阶级的所有制。但是,现代的资产阶级私有制是建立在阶级对立上面、建立在一些人对另一些人的剥削上面的产品生产和占有的最后而又最完备的表现。

In this sense, the theory of the Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property.

从这个意义上说，共产党人可以把自己的理论概括为一句话:消灭私有制。

We Communists have been reproached with the desire of abolishing the right of personally acquiring property as the fruit of a man's own labor, which property is alleged to be the groundwork of all personal freedom, activity and independence.

有人责备我们共产党人，说我们要消灭个人挣得的、自己劳动得来的财产,要消灭构成个人的一切自由、活动和独立的基础的财产。

Hard-won, self-acquired, self-earned property! Do you mean the property of the petty artisan and of the small peasant, a form of property that preceded the bourgeois form? There is no need to abolish that; the development of industry has to a great extent already destroyed it and is still destroying it daily.

好一个劳动得来的、自己挣得的、自己赚来的财产!你们说的是资产阶级财产出现以前的那种小资产阶级的、小农的财产吗?那种财产用不着我们去消灭,工业的发展已经把它消灭了,而且每天都在消灭它。

Or do you mean modern bourgeois private property?

或者，你们说的是现代的资产阶级的私有财产吧?

But does wage-labor create any property for the laborer? Not a bit. It creates capital, i.e., that kind of property which exploits wage-labor, and which cannot increase except upon condition of begetting a new supply of wage-labor for fresh exploitation. Property, in its present form, is based on the antagonism of capital and wage-labor. Let us examine both sides of this antagonism.

但是,难道雇佣劳动、无产者的劳动,会给无产者创造出财产来吗?没有的事。这种劳动所创造的是资本,即剥削雇佣劳动的财产，只有在不断产生出新的雇佣劳动来重新加以剥削的条件下才能增殖的财产。现今的这种财产是在资本和雇佣劳动的对立中运动的。让我们来看看这种对立的两个方面吧。

To be a capitalist, is to have not only a purely personal, but a social status in production. Capital is a collective product, and only by the united action of many members, nay, in the last resort, only by the united action of all members of society, can it be set in motion.

做一个资本家,这就是说,他在生产中不仅占有一种纯粹个人的地位，而且占有一种社会的地位。资本是集体的产物，它只有通过社会许多成员的共同活动，而且归根到底只有通过社会全体成员的共同活动,才能运动起来。

Capital is, therefore, not a personal, it is a social power. 

因此，资本不是一种个人力量,而是一种社会力量。

When, therefore, capital is converted into common property, into the property of all members of society, personal property is not thereby transformed into social property. It is only the social character of the property that is changed. It loses its class-character.

因此，把资本变为公共的、属于社会全体成员的财产，这并不是把个人财产变为社会财产。这里所改变的只是财产的社会性质。它将失掉它的阶级性质。

Let us now take wage-labor.

现在,我们来看看雇佣劳动。

The average price of wage-labor is the minimum wage, i.e., that quantum of the means of subsistence, which is absolutely requisite in bare existence as a laborer.

雇佣劳动的平均价格是最低限度的工资,即工人为维持其工人的生活所必需的生活资料的数额。

What, therefore, the wage-laborer appropriates by means of his labor, merely suffices to prolong and reproduce a bare existence? We by no means intend to abolish this personal appropriation of the products of labor, an appropriation that is made for the maintenance and reproduction of human life, and that leaves no surplus wherewith to command the labor of others. All that we want to do away with, is the miserable character of this appropriation, under which the laborer lives merely to increase capital, and is allowed to live only in so far as the interest of the ruling class requires it.

因此，雇佣工人靠自己的劳动所占有的东西,只够勉强维持他的生命的再生产。我们决不打算消灭这种供直接生命再生产用的劳动产品的个人占有，这种占有并不会留下任何剩余的东西使人们有可能支配别人的劳动。我们要消灭的只是这种占有的可怜的性质，在这种占有下,工人仅仅为增殖资本而活着，只有在统治阶级的利益需要他活着的时候才能活着。

In bourgeois society, living labor is but a means to increase accumulated labor. In Communist society, accumulated labor is but a means to widen, to enrich, to promote the existence of the laborer. 

在资产阶级社会里，活的劳动只是增殖已经积累起来的劳动的一种手段。在共产主义社会里,已经积累起来的劳动只是扩大、丰富和提高工人的生活的一种手段。

In bourgeois society, therefore, the past dominates the present; in Communist society, the present dominates the past. In bourgeois society capital is independent and has individuality, while the living person is dependent and has no individuality.

因此,在资产阶级社会里是过去支配现在,在共产主义社会里是现在支配过去。在资产阶级社会里,资本具有独立性和个性，而活动着的个人却没有独立性和个性。

And the abolition of this state of things is called by the bourgeois, abolition of individuality and freedom! And rightly so. The abolition of bourgeois individuality, bourgeois independence, and bourgeois freedom is undoubtedly aimed at.

而资产阶级却把消灭这种关系说成是消灭个性和自由!说对了。的确，正是要消灭资产者的个性、独立性和自由。

作者︱沈斌艳