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岁月峥嵘，初心不改。中国共产党立志于中华民族千秋伟业，百年恰是风华正茂，在中国乃至世界的政治舞台上，谱写了一部部辉煌壮丽的历史诗篇。

百年风雨兼程，世纪沧桑巨变。为庆祝中国共产党成立100周年、向党的百年华诞献礼，翻译系学生党支部开展“言说党史”系列活动，旨在鞭策身为中华儿女的我们，不忘初心、牢记使命。在不断的学习和实践中，树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观，一心一意跟着党走，为祖国贡献出自己的全部力量。

 

第二期是由翻译系学生党员周歆颜为大家朗读的《共产党宣言》第二章节内容，有关所有制的论述部分。

By freedom is meant, under the present bourgeois conditions of production, free trade, free selling and buying.

在现今的资产阶级生产关系的范围内，所谓自由就是自由贸易，自由买卖。

But if selling and buying disappears, free selling and buying disappears also. This talk about free selling and buying, and all the other "brave words" of our bourgeoisie about freedom in general, have a meaning, if any, only in contrast with restricted selling and buying, with the fettered traders of the Middle Ages, but have no meaning when opposed to the Communistic abolition of buying and selling, of the bourgeois conditions of production, and of the bourgeoisie itself.

但是，买卖一消失，自由买卖也就会消失。关于自由买卖的言论，也象我们的资产阶级的其它一切关于自由的大话一样，仅仅对于不自由的买卖来说，对于中世纪被奴役的市民来说，才是有意义的，而对于共产主义要消灭买卖、消灭资产阶级生产关系和资产阶级本身这一点来说，却是毫无意义的。

You are horrified at our intending to do away with private property. But in your existing society, private property is already done away with for nine-tenths of the population; its existence for the few is solely due to its non-existence in the hands of those nine-tenths. You reproach us, therefore, with intending to do away with a form of property, the necessary condition for whose existence is the non-existence of any property for the immense majority of society.

我们要消灭私有制，你们就惊慌起来。但是，在你们的现存社会里，私有财产对十分之九的成员来说已经被消灭了；这种私有制之所以存在，正是因为私有财产对十分之九的成员来说已经不存在。可见，你们责备我们，是说我们要消灭那种以社会上的绝大多数人没有财产为必要条件的所有制。

In one word, you reproach us with intending to do away with your property. Precisely so; that is just what we intend.

总而言之，你们责备我们，是说我们要消灭你们的那种所有制。的确，我们是要这样做的。

From the moment when labour can no longer be converted into capital, money, or rent, into a social power capable of being monopolised, i.e., from the moment when individual property can no longer be transformed into bourgeois property, into capital, from that moment, you say individuality vanishes.

从劳动不再能变为资本、货币、地租，一句话，不再能变为可以垄断的社会力量的时候起，就是说，从个人财产不再能变为资产阶级财产的时候起，你们说，个性就被消灭了。

You must, therefore, confess that by "individual" you mean no other person than the bourgeois, than the middle-class owner of property. This person must, indeed, be swept out of the way, and made impossible.

由此可见，你们是承认，你们所理解的个性，不外是资产者、资产阶级私有者。这样的个性确实应当被消灭。

Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that it does is to deprive him of the power to subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation.

共产主义并不剥夺任何人占有社会产品的权力，它只剥夺利用这种占有去奴役他人劳动的权力。

It has been objected that upon the abolition of private property all work will cease, and universal laziness will overtake us.

有人反驳说，私有制一消灭，一切活动就会停止，懒惰之风就会兴起。

According to this, bourgeois society ought long ago to have gone to the dogs through sheer idleness; for those of its members who work, acquire nothing, and those who acquire anything, do not work. The whole of this objection is but another expression of the tautology: that there can no longer be any wage-labour when there is no longer any capital.

这样说来，资产阶级社会早就应该因懒惰而灭亡了，因为在这个社会里是劳者不获，获者不劳的。所有这些顾虑，都可以归结为这样一个同义反复：一旦没有资本，也就不再有雇佣劳动了。

All objections urged against the Communistic mode of producing and appropriating material products, have, in the same way, been urged against the Communistic modes of producing and appropriating intellectual products. Just as, to the bourgeois, the disappearance of class property is the disappearance of production itself, so the disappearance of class culture is to him identical with the disappearance of all culture.

所有这些对共产主义的物质产品的占有方式和生产方式的责备， 也被扩及到精神产品的占有和生产方面。正如阶级的所有制的终止在资产者看来是生产本身的终止一样，阶级的教育的终止在他们看来就等于一切教育的终止。

That culture, the loss of which he laments, is, for the enormous majority, a mere training to act as a machine.

资产者唯恐失去的那种教育，对绝大多数人来说是把人训练成机器。

But don't wrangle with us so long as you apply, to our intended abolition of bourgeois property, the standard of your bourgeois notions of freedom, culture, law, etc. Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of your bourgeois production and bourgeois property, just as your jurisprudence is but the will of your class made into a law for all, a will, whose essential character and direction are determined by the economical conditions of existence of your class.

但是，你们既然用你们资产阶级关于自由、教育、法等等的观念来衡量废除资产阶级所有制的主张，那就请你们不要同我们争论了。你们的观念本身是资产阶级的生产关系和所有制关系的产物，正象你们的法不过是被奉为法律的你们这个阶级的意志一样，而这种意志的内容是由你们这个阶级的物质生活条件来决定的。

The selfish misconception that induces you to transform into eternal laws of nature and of reason, the social forms springing from your present mode of production and form of property—historical relations that rise and disappear in the progress of production—this misconception you share with every ruling class that has preceded you. What you see clearly in the case of ancient property, what you admit in the case of feudal property, you are of course forbidden to admit in the case of your own bourgeois form of property.

你们的利己观念使你们把自己的生产关系和所有制关系从历史的、在生产过程中是暂时的关系变成永恒的自然规律和理性规律，这种利己观念是你们和一切灭亡了的统治阶级所共有的。谈到古代所有制的时候你们所能理解的，谈到封建所有制的时候你们所能理解的，一谈到资产阶级所有制你们就再也不能理解了。

Abolition of the family! Even the most radical flare up at this infamous proposal of the Communists.

消灭家庭！连极端的激进派也对共产党人的这种可耻的意图表示愤慨。

On what foundation is the present family, the bourgeois family, based? On capital, on private gain. In its completely developed form this family exists only among the bourgeoisie. But this state of things finds its complement in the practical absence of the family among the proletarians, and in public prostitution.

现代的、资产阶级的家庭是建立在什么基础上的呢？是建立在资本上面，建立在私人发财上面的。这种家庭只是在资产阶级那里才以充分发展的形式存在着，而无产者的被迫独居和公开的卖淫则是它的补充。

The bourgeois family will vanish as a matter of course when its complement vanishes, and both will vanish with the vanishing of capital.

资产者的家庭自然会随着它的这种补充的消失而消失，两者都要随着资本的消失而消失。

Do you charge us with wanting to stop the exploitation of children by their parents? To this crime we plead guilty.

你们是责备我们要消灭父母对子女的剥削吗？我们承认这种罪状。

But, you will say, we destroy the most hallowed of relations, when we replace home education by social.

但是，你们说，我们用社会教育代替家庭教育，就是要消灭人们最亲密的关系。

And your education! Is not that also social, and determined by the social conditions under which you educate, by the intervention, direct or indirect, of society, by means of schools, etc.? The Communists have not invented the intervention of society in education; they do but seek to alter the character of that intervention, and to rescue education from the influence of the ruling class.

而你们的教育不也是由社会决定的吗？不也是由你们进行教育的那种社会关系决定的吗？不也是由社会通过学校等等进行的直接的或间接的干涉决定的吗？共产党人并没有发明社会对教育的影响；他们仅仅是要改变这种影响的性质，要使教育摆脱统治阶级的影响。

The bourgeois clap-trap about the family and education, about the hallowed co-relation of parent and child, becomes all the more disgusting, the more, by the action of Modern Industry, all family ties among the proletarians are torn asunder, and their children transformed into simple articles of commerce and instruments of labour.

无产者的一切家庭联系越是由于大工业的发展而被破坏，他们的子女越是由于这种发展而被变成单纯的商品和劳动工具，资产阶级关于家庭和教育、关于父母和子女的亲密关系的空话就越是令人作呕。

But you Communists would introduce community of women, screams the whole bourgeoisie in chorus.

但是，你们共产党人是要实行公妻制的啊，——整个资产阶级异口同声地向我们这样叫喊。

The bourgeois sees in his wife a mere instrument of production. He hears that the instruments of production are to be exploited in common, and, naturally, can come to no other conclusion than that the lot of being common to all will likewise fall to the women.

资产者是把自己的妻子看作单纯的生产工具的。他们听说生产工具将要公共使用，自然就不能不想到妇女也会遭到同样的命运。

 

He has not even a suspicion that the real point is to do away with the status of women as mere instruments of production.

他们想也没有想到，问题正在于使妇女不再处于单纯生产工具的地位。

For the rest, nothing is more ridiculous than the virtuous indignation of our bourgeois at the community of women which, they pretend, is to be openly and officially established by the Communists. The Communists have no need to introduce community of women; it has existed almost from time immemorial.

其实，我们的资产者装得道貌岸然，对所谓的共产党人的正式公妻制表示惊讶，那是再可笑不过了。公妻制无需共产党人来实行，它差不多是一向就有的。

Our bourgeois, not content with having the wives and daughters of their proletarians at their disposal, not to speak of common prostitutes, take the greatest pleasure in seducing each other's wives.

我们的资产者不以他们的无产者的妻子和女儿受他们支配为满足，正式的卖淫更不必说了，他们还以互相诱奸妻子为最大的享乐。

Bourgeois marriage is in reality a system of wives in common and thus, at the most, what the Communists might possibly be reproached with, is that they desire to introduce, in substitution for a hypocritically concealed, an openly legalised community of women. For the rest, it is self-evident that the abolition of the present system of production must bring with it the abolition of the community of women springing from that system, i.e., of prostitution both public and private.

资产阶级的婚姻实际上是公妻制。人们至多只能责备共产党人，说他们想用正式的、公开的公妻制来代替伪善地掩蔽着的公妻制。其实，不言而喻，随着现在的生产关系的消灭，从这种关系中产生的公妻制，即正式的和非正式的卖淫，也就消失了。

 

作者：周歆颜