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君子慎独

马寅初(1882—1982)，字元善，浙江嵊州市浦口街道(原嵊县浦口镇)人。我国当代著名的经济学家、人口学家和教育家，马寅初也曾在民国时期，兼任浙江兴业银行顾问，中国银行顾问、总司券等职，是一名经验丰富的银行家。

1928年，马寅初在杭州租赁的住所来了一位不速之客，该客人向马寅初家的保姆介绍说自己是马先生的朋友，并表示有人托他带点东西给马先生。客人说：“马先生虽然当了省府委员，但是生活仍十分清苦，我们作为朋友，心里也很难受呢。”边说边掏出两袋“银洋钿”递给保姆说，“这300元给你，添点衣服，补贴点家用，这1000元给马先生买买书籍，给孩子一些零花。这里还有一封给马先生的信，请代为转交。”保姆一看到那么多钱懵了，说：“先生万万使不得，马先生是从不让我们下人收人家东西的。”客人硬是把东西留下后，鞠躬告辞。

1000块大洋在当时是什么概念呢？一般政府文员，收入每月12大洋，市场上一块大洋可以买300个鸡蛋或者五斤猪肉。待晚上下班，保姆立刻把白天的事情一五一十讲给了马寅初听。马寅初从书信得知，来者是此次德清县县长入围候选人，马寅初是此次考试委员会委员，是县长考试主官。按照官场陋习，拜门认座请托提拔，自古都用钱铺路。马寅初明白了来意，说：“跑官买官，到我马寅初门上，简直是蚊子叮菩萨，找错了人。这样的人一旦当了县长，不知要搜刮多少钱！”事后马寅初退还了1300银元，还以此为例，给花钱买官的人一个警示。

《中庸》有云：“莫见乎隐，莫显乎微，故君子慎其独也。”一个人的品德究竟如何，是一个人在独处的时候，即使没有人监督，也能严格要求自己，自觉遵守道德准则，不做任何不道德的事，这就是“慎独”。

如何像马先生一样做到慎独？这要求我们时刻做到“自我修剪”，做到人前人后一个样、八小时内外一个样、有没有监督一个样，在任何情况下都不见异思迁、见利忘义，恪守自己的为人风范和处事品格，做到不仁之事不做、不义之财不取、不正之风不沾、不法之事不干，以时刻自重、自省、自警、自励的定力做到表里如一。

A Gentleman with Cautiousness

Ma Yinchu (1882-1982),whose courtesy name is Yuanshan, wasborn in PukouResidential District, Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province (formerlyknown asPukou Town, Shengxian County).As afamous contemporary economist, demographer and educator in China, he also served as consultant of Zhejiang Industrial Bank, consultant of Bank of China, andGeneralSiquan (one of organs in General Administration)in theRepublic of China. All these made himan experienced banker.

In 1928, an uninvitedvisitorcame to Ma Yinchu’s rented residence in Hangzhou.Heintroduced himself to Ma Yinchu’sservantas a friend of Mr. Ma, and said that someonehadasked him to bring something to Mr. Ma. Themansaid,“Although Mr. Ma has become a member of the provincial government, his life is still very hard. As friends, wefeel that he has been through too much.”

Taking out two bags of silver dollars, he gave them to the nanny and said, “Here is 300 dollars for you to buy some clothes and support your family. Here’s another thousand dollars, and please buy Mr. Ma some books, and give the boy some pocket-money. Here is a letter for Mr. Ma, could you please give it to him?” The nanny was stunned when she saw all that money, and said: “Sir, please don’t do that. Mr. Ma would never let us receive any presents!” But the visitor insisted and bowed his way out.

What did a thousand silver dollars mean at the time? The salary of a general government clerk was twelve dollars per month. A dollar at the market bought 300 eggs or 2.5 kg of pork. At the end of the day’s work, the nanny immediately told Mr. Ma the whole story.

Ma Yinchu learned from the letter that the visitor was a shortlisted candidate for governor of Deqing County.WhileMa Yinchuwas a member of theexamination committee and the examination’s chief magistrate.The badpracticeof officialdommeantpromotion throughbribery. Ma Yinchu understood what was coming and said,“This man came to me to buy an official; it’s like a mosquito stinging a bodhisattva. He islooking for the wrong person. Once such a person becomes the governor, Ican’t imaginehow much money will be scavenged!”Afterward, Ma Yinchu returnedthe1,300 silver yuan, This also issued a warning to those who attempted to pay to play.

There is a saying inthe Doctrine of the Mean:“Do not relax your self-imposed requirements because you are in a place where others cannot see or hear you, and do not be unconventional because it is a small matter. Even when you are alone and unnoticed, be careful with your words and do not do things that are unethical.”

Even without supervision, a person with good moral character can be strict with himself/herself when the person is alone. Such a person can consciously abide by moral code and such a good moral character is“self-restraint”.

How can we achieveself-restraint like Mr. Ma? This requires us to always carry out“self-pruning”, to achieve the same in front of and behind other people, the same in and out of service, the same with or without supervision. Under no circumstances can we be weak-willed and selfish, we have to adhere to our own style and character of dealing with people. Don’t do unkind things. Don't take filthy lucre. Don't follow unhealthy tendency and don’t engage in illegal things. We should always be self-respectful, self-reflective, self-guarded and self-motivated, so that we are who we appear to be.

赖永娈 孙嘉琳 邢雨诗 孙月涓

校对：丁欣如